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Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the environment. A vernal or springtime pool is only a few feet deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields a considerable number of diverse life forms. Like all of nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics. One may find masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond, left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators arrived. Other amphibians and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as their ancestors have done for years.
Various forms of algae grow well in the murky water, if there is sufficient sunlight. They in turn produce and transmit oxygen to the salamander embryos and other young that are not yet able to survive outside of water. Diving beetles feast on eggs and larvae deposited in the pond by the salamanders and other amphibians that have called it home. Tadpoles are born in the late spring and feed on the algae. The pond also invites wood frogs staking their territory and courting potential mates, calling as loud as quacking ducks.
By
the end of the short season, the pond dries to spongy mud and then dries
further, becoming covered with leaves and debris, until the following spring
when the process repeats itself.
1. The word vernal in the second sentence means most nearly the same as…
a.
Springtime
b. Pool
c.
Deep
d.
Transitory
2. What is the
author’s purpose stated in the first sentence: Even a muddy pond contributes to the ecosystem that affects the
environment?
a.
To explain that
a vernal pool is very muddy
b. To describe
how the vernal pool fits into the larger environmental picture
c.
To explain that
mud is important to the environment
d.
To show hoe
algae grows
3. The word yields
in the third sentence means most nearly the same as…
a. Produces
b.
Contributes to
c.
Kills
d.
Harms
4. The word diverse
in the third sentence means most nearly the same as…
a. Distinct
b.
Living
c.
Numerous
d.
Primitive
5. The word its
in the fifth sentence refers to…
a.
Predator
b.
Pond
c. Living being
d.
Nature
6. Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that a
young life form might be prey to an older life form?
a.
A vernal or springtime
pool is only a few feet deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields
a considerable number of diverse life forms.
b. Like all of
nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be
one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics.
c.
One may find
masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond,
left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators
arrived.
d.
Other amphibians
and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as
their ancestors have done for years.
7. Which sentence in the first paragraph indicates that
life forms continue to act in the same way as the same life forms did
previously?
a.
A vernal or springtime
pool is only a few feet deep and lasts only from March until mid-summer but yields
a considerable number of diverse life forms.
b.
Like all of
nature, there are predators and victims, and a particular living being may be
one or the other, depending on its age and characteristics.
c.
One may find
masses of spotted salamander eggs floating just under the surface of the pond,
left behind by adults who entered the pond early in the season before predators
arrived.
d. Other amphibians
and reptiles return to the recurrent pond year after year to reproduce, as
their ancestors have done for years.
8. The word murky
in the first sentence of the second paragraph means most nearly the same as…
a.
Clear
b. Cloudy
c.
Cold
d.
Life-producing
9. The word they
in the second sentence of paragraph two refers to…
a.
Salamander embryos
b.
Young
c. Forms of
algae
d.
Sunlight
10. Which of the following does the author imply in the
first two sentences of paragraph two?
a.
The life forms
in the pool live in the water their entire lives
b. Some of the
life forms live in water first and later on land
c.
The life forms
found in the pool do not require oxygen to live
d.
Algae is
strictly a food source
11. The word recurrent
in the last sentence of paragraph one means most nearly the same as…
a.
Moving
b. Recurring
c.
Stagnant
d.
Warm
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